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Nutrition - its importance!

 

Food provides the energy and several nutrients which are essential for the growth and survival of living things.
Essential nutrients include proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
Proteins, carbohydrates and fats all contribute to the energy pool.
Utilization and conversion of this energy to build and maintain the body requires the involvement of minerals and vitamins which function as co-enzymes.
People of all age groups need various nutrients to stay healthy. They can obtain them by having a balanced diet with regular consumption of foods from all food groups.
A person’s diet must provide enough carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water and fiber in the right amount.

 

Carbohydrates are a class of energy yielding substances which include starch, glucose, cane sugar, milk, sugar etc.
Almost 3/4th of Indian diet consists of Carbohydrates
Starch is a complex carbohydrate made up of glucose units. Glucose derived from starch and other sugars present in the diet forms the main source of energy.
Carbohydrates derived from cereals form the chief source of energy in Indian diets.
The daily diet of an adult should contain atleast 30-40 g of dietary fiber.
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Fats form an important component of the diet and help in performing several functions for the body.
Fats in the diet can be of two types: visible fats and invisible fats.
The visible fats are those derived from animal fats like ghee, butter etc. which are solid fats at room temperature and those derived from vegetable fats include groundnut ,mustard,sunflower,coconut oil which are essentially liquid fats at room temperature.
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Proteins are required for maintenance (replacing the wear and tear of tissue) in adults, growth in infants and children and for fetal development in pregnancy and milk output during lactation.
The relative requirement of proteins of the latter groups is higher than in adults.
The actual amount of protein to be consumed daily to meet the above requirement will depend upon the quality of dietary protein.
Extensive diet surveys carried out in different parts of the country both in rural and urban India indicate that diets are predominantly based on cereals.
Cereals have to be supplemented with food items like pulses, vegetables, fruits, animal products like milk and fat to make the diet more balanced and adequate in all nutrients.
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Protein requirements:-Many health organizations have conducted regular studies, so as to work out as to what should be the recommended daily protein requirements. There are multiple factors that need to be taken into consideration while deciding the recommended daily protein intake like age, sex, physical activity level and many more. Protein requirement varies from person to person, like the protein requirement for adults is different from that of young growing children.
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Growing children

Age(in yrs)
Protein requirement(g/day)
1-3 22
4-6 30
7-9 41

The need for protein per kilogram of body weight decreases approximately from 1.2 g in early childhood to around 1 g in late childhood.
Children who are most likely to be at risk of inadequate protein intake are those on strict vegetarian diets, those who have multiple food allergies and those who have limited food habits due to behavioral problems or limited access to food.

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Adolescence:

Female

Age(in yrs) Protein requirement(g/day)
10-12 57
13-15 65
16-18 63

Male

Age(in yrs) Protein requirement(g/day)
10-12 54
13-15 70
16-18 78

Adolescence is the most challenging period in human development. The relatively uniform growth is suddenly altered by an increase in velocity of growth. During adolescence, the protein requirement correlates more closely with the growth pattern than with the chronological age.

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Geriatrics: As people age and experience a decrease in skeletal tissue mass, the store of protein provided by skeletal muscle may be inadequate to meet the needs for protein synthesis, making dietary protein intake more important to meet essential needs.
RDA recommends 1 g of protein per kilogram of body weight for adults of all age groups.
Protein needs may increase in relation to the acuity and chronicity of disease.

Reference : ICMR Guidelines

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